In increased plants, there are three carotenoid pigments which might be active within the xanthophyll cycle: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Throughout gentle stress, violaxanthin is converted, i.e. lowered, to zeaxanthin by way of the intermediate antheraxanthin, which plays a direct photoprotective position appearing as a lipid-protecting anti-oxidant and by stimulating non-photochemical quenching within gentle-harvesting proteins. […]